Alarmingly low water levels in the Masurian Lakes. It’s not just sailors who are struggling

The Great Masurian Lakes, an icon of Polish nature and a paradise for sailing enthusiasts, are struggling with the problem of low water levels, which is becoming increasingly visible every day. What is causing this phenomenon?

Hydrological drought as the main cause of the problem

According to a report by Wody Polskie, hydrological drought warnings are in effect in Poland. Water levels in the Great Masurian Lakes are fluctuating between low and medium levels. The situation is particularly difficult in the Pisa catchment, where, since January 2, 2025, water flows have remained below the annual lowest mean flow (SNQ). In the Narew and Biebrza catchments, stabilization and local water level drops have been observed, with the largest decrease recorded at the Białobrzegi station, measuring 19 cm. Similarly, in the Łyna and Węgorapa catchments, water levels remain low, making it difficult for water resources to naturally replenish.

The main reason for this situation is the prolonged lack of precipitation, exacerbated by climate change. Another important factor is the absence of snow, which in previous years, when melting, provided an adequate amount of water for rivers and lakes. According to IMGW-PIB, the hydrological situation in Warmia and Masuria in February 2025 was the worst in a decade.

Low water levels in the Masurian Lakes – nature and tourism under pressure

The low water levels threaten the biodiversity of the Great Masurian Lakes. Aquatic ecosystems – from fish populations to waterfowl and coastal vegetation – are under increasing stress. Low water levels in the Niemen, Łyna, and Narew catchments reduce these ecosystems’ ability to regenerate. The decreased amount of water leads to higher concentrations of pollutants, increasing the risk of cyanobacterial blooms and deterioration of water quality.

The decline in water levels also has severe consequences for the local economy, which largely depends on tourism. The sailing industry, a key sector for the region, is facing navigation difficulties and a decline in the lakes’ attractiveness. Agriculture is also feeling the effects of the drought. Lower groundwater levels in the lake catchment areas can lead to reduced crop yields, deepening economic challenges.

Navigation – challenges in accessibility and safety

Low water levels complicate sailing in Masuria, affecting both safety and access to water routes. The reduced water levels expose more shallow areas, especially near the shores, posing a threat to motorboats – running aground on these shallows can easily damage keels, rudder blades, or propellers. Lakes such as Niegocin and Śniardwy are becoming more difficult to navigate, as they reveal previously submerged obstacles like rocks, tree trunks, and sandbanks, which were previously at a safe depth. This not only increases the risk of collisions and equipment damage but also limits route accessibility, forcing sailors to avoid certain areas or shorten their journeys.

Additionally, the low water levels affect the stability of boats, which can be particularly problematic in strong winds, a frequent occurrence in Masuria. In ports and marinas, piers that once reached the water now sit above its surface, making mooring and loading more difficult. As a result, sailing becomes less comfortable and more risky, impacting the region’s overall attractiveness.