COP16: $200 billion annually for biodiversity protection

The sixteenth UN Conference on Biological Diversity (COP16), held in Rome, concluded with the signing of a groundbreaking agreement. Member states committed to allocating $200 billion annually for biodiversity protection, implementing the goals of the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework adopted in 2022. This is a step forward, although experts emphasize that success depends on concrete actions and real funding.

A long-awaited agreement after the Cali failure

COP16 concluded on February 28, 2025, in Rome. It was the second attempt to reach an agreement after failed negotiations in Cali, Colombia, in October 2024. Government representatives, scientists, and activists gathered in the Italian capital to confront the growing crisis—ecosystem degradation and species extinction. The urgency of these actions was evident in every aspect of the discussions.

The agreement was signed by UN member states, with developed countries taking on a special responsibility by promising financial support for developing regions. International cooperation and private sector engagement are expected to be key in enhancing environmental protection on a global scale.

The 2030 plan: protecting 30% of the Earth

According to the agreements, the world will mobilize at least $200 billion annually for Earth’s protection by 2030. Developed countries will support developing nations with $20 billion in 2025, with a planned increase to $30 billion per year by 2030. These funds will finance the protection of 30% of the planet’s surface, the restoration of degraded ecosystems, and the reduction of harmful subsidies that currently damage nature. The goal is to halt biodiversity loss and ensure ecological stability.

The creation of the Cali Fund

A crucial element of the agreement is the Cali Fund, which aims to attract additional financing for nature conservation. Primarily directed at the private sector—including pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and agricultural companies—it assumes that businesses benefiting from natural resources will share the costs of preserving them. This mechanism is intended to complement the main funding sources.

Challenges in program implementation

Despite positive reactions, the implementation of the plan raises concerns. The lack of clear information on the exact sources of funding leads to questions about the feasibility of these commitments. Additionally, there are no strong enforcement mechanisms to ensure compliance. Monitoring progress could also prove challenging. Developing countries openly express skepticism regarding the promises made by wealthier partners. “We need transparency and concrete actions,” experts warn.

Biodiversity and climate

The COP16 agreement is significant not only for nature. Protecting biodiversity can prevent species extinction, safeguard forests and water resources, and enhance food security. Importantly, stable ecosystems support the fight against climate change. Specialists emphasize that the next five years will determine whether negative trends can be reversed.

What comes after COP16?

Experts from the World Economic Forum view the Rome agreement as the beginning of a difficult journey. “This is not just about money but also about innovation, education, and collaboration with local communities,” they point out. The coming years will be crucial in demonstrating whether the $200 billion annually will become a real boost for nature or remain merely an ambitious promise on paper. Expectations are high, but success will require efforts on multiple fronts.