The Maldives and the Sea of Stars. Where and when can you see it?

The Maldives, known for their paradise beaches and turquoise waters of the Indian Ocean, also offer natural phenomena that can surprise even the most seasoned travellers. On Vaadhoo Island, part of the Raa Atoll, something absolutely magical can be seen at night. Waves hitting the shore begin to glow with a blue light, creating the extraordinary effect known as the Sea of Stars. This unique spectacle is caused by bioluminescence – the phenomenon of light emission by microscopic marine organisms.

The mystery of glowing water or bioluminescence

The Sea of Stars is a result of bioluminescence – the ability of certain organisms to produce light through chemical reactions within their bodies. On Vaadhoo Island, part of the Raa Atoll in the Maldives, an extraordinary display of bioluminescence can be observed at night. It is caused by Noctiluca scintillans – a single-celled planktonic organism from the group of dinoflagellates (Dinoflagellata), classified as heterotrophic plankton. Although microscopic and invisible to the naked eye during the day, at night it emits a blue light in response to mechanical stimuli, such as wave movement or physical contact.

Bioluminescence in N. scintillans occurs in specialized organelles called scintillons. When the cell membrane is deformed, calcium ions (Ca²⁺) flow in, lowering the pH inside the scintillons and activating the enzyme luciferase. This enzyme catalyzes the oxidation of luciferin in the presence of oxygen, resulting in light emission. Although the exact function of bioluminescence in N. scintillans is not fully understood, one hypothesis is that the light may deter predators or attract larger predatory organisms that eliminate threats. Thanks to this mechanism, the nighttime waters around the Maldives transform into a mesmerizing natural show known as the Sea of Stars.

Vaadhoo – the island that becomes a sky at night

Bioluminescence can be observed in various places around the world, such as Thailand, Puerto Rico, or Vietnam, but Vaadhoo remains one of the most spectacular spots. The phenomenon reaches its peak intensity from late summer to early autumn, when water temperature and the presence of algae reach optimal levels. At that time, nearly every wave, step on the beach, or hand dipped into the water triggers a flash of blue light, resembling a glowing, galactic path. Tourists wishing to witness this natural wonder firsthand are advised to visit during this period.

How to protect the sea of stars

The popularity of the Sea of Stars brings both benefits and challenges to the Maldives. Tourists flock to the islands, using kayaks, boats, or walking along the shore to experience the view. However, the growing number of visitors poses a threat to the delicate ecosystem. Experts warn that chemical repellents – insect deterrents – may enter the water and harm the plankton. The same goes for litter left on the beach or in the ocean, which disrupts the natural balance.

To preserve the Sea of Stars, responsible travel is essential. This includes avoiding the use of chemicals, taking all trash with you, and following the rules set by local authorities. The Maldives, already threatened by climate change and rising sea levels, are fighting for survival – and bioluminescence is one of their treasures that needs to be protected.