Arizona battles extreme drought

While the eastern United States grapples with the aftermath of Hurricane Helena, Arizona faces a different, long-term crisis – a growing drought that affects every aspect of life. In recent months, the state has recorded record-high temperatures. By mid-September, more than 80% of the state was experiencing severe or extreme drought, underscoring the long-term precipitation deficit and the increasing threat to people and aquatic ecosystems.

Climate change alters precipitation and temperatures

Shifting climate patterns in Arizona show clear and concerning trends. The state’s average temperature has risen by 2°C over the past 30 years, significantly contributing to the intensification of the drought. In 2024, precipitation levels fell below 50% of the climate norm, further deepening the water crisis. While summer drought is relatively common, winter, which should bring snow to mountain regions, has become drier. Less snow results in limited meltwater resources, which are crucial for supply during the summer months. This also affects groundwater levels and large reservoirs like Lake Mead, which is currently nearing historic lows.

Ecosystems under pressure

Reduced water availability and higher temperatures directly impact local ecosystems. As highlighted in a report by the Arizona State Climate Office, increased evaporation and the lack of natural rainfall are causing rivers and streams to dry up, negatively affecting the region’s biodiversity. Aquatic ecosystems, including habitats of many endemic species, are particularly at risk. Additionally, the drought contributes to the rise of extreme wildfires. Forests in the northern and central parts of the state have become more susceptible to fires due to the accumulation of flammable biomass. In 2023, the number of wildfires increased by 15% compared to the average of the past decade.

Economic and social crisis

The prolonged drought also has serious economic consequences for the state’s economy. Arizona, one of the largest producers of cotton and alfalfa in the United States, is currently experiencing a sharp decline in crop yields. The lack of water is forcing farmers to invest in expensive water-saving technologies, which increases production costs. These additional expenses are reflected in the prices of agricultural products, which in turn affect the cost of living for state residents.

The fight for water in Phoenix

Phoenix, the state capital, is at the epicenter of the battle against the drought. As the city’s population grows, so does the demand for water, presenting local authorities with a significant challenge. The city draws water from several sources, including groundwater and the Colorado River, which has been struggling with low water levels for several years. Phoenix is therefore investing in water-saving technologies and modernizing its water infrastructure.

According to the Phoenix Water Services Department, the city has introduced numerous restrictions and water-saving programs to combat the growing crisis. Educational campaigns have been launched to raise awareness among residents about saving water, especially in daily life. Restrictions also apply to businesses, which are required to recycle at least 30% of the water they use.

Water policy in the spotlight

The growing water crisis is increasingly influencing public debate in Arizona, and water resource management policy is becoming one of the key topics in the upcoming elections. Farmers and business owners are calling for more decisive action, including stricter regulations on groundwater protection and long-term resource management plans. Public opinion polls indicate that the vast majority of voters consider water conservation a priority, but only a few believe the current policies are adequate.